Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are domesticated mammals known for their intelligence, loyalty, and diverse roles in human societies, ranging from companions to working animals. Highly adaptable and social, dogs exhibit varied behaviors and physical traits depending on breed, but they are universally recognized for their bond with humans.

Data:

  • Habitat:

    • Temperature: Ideal: 15-25°C (59-77°F); Range: -20°C to 40°C (-4°F to 104°F) with shelter.
    • Pressure: 101.3 kPa (1 atm); similar to other terrestrial mammals.
    • Humidity: 30-70% optimal; can tolerate varied levels with hydration.
    • Oxygen: Standard atmospheric levels (19.5-23.5%).
    • CO2: Tolerable up to 0.1%; higher levels can cause respiratory distress.
    • Light: Adapted to daylight and low-light conditions; no UV protection needed.

  • Nutrition:

    • Water: 0.5-1 liter/day per 10 kg of body weight.
    • Calories: 400-2,000 kcal/day depending on size, breed, and activity.
    • Macronutrients:
      • Carbohydrates: Grains, vegetables, and fruit.
      • Proteins: Meat, fish, and plant-based sources.
      • Fats: Essential for energy and coat health.
    • Vitamins: A, D, E, and B complex for immune, skin, and nerve health.
    • Minerals: Calcium (bones), Iron (blood health), Zinc (immune function).

  • Production:

    • CO2: Approx. 0.3-0.8 kg/day based on size and activity.
    • Waste: 100-500 grams of feces/day; 0.5-1.5 liters of urine/day.
    • Heat: Moderate body heat; rely on panting to regulate temperature.
    • Sweat: Minimal sweating through paw pads; primarily cool through panting.

  • Reproduction:

    • Method: Sexual; live birth.
    • Gestation: Approximately 63 days.
    • Cycle: Females come into heat every 6-12 months depending on breed.
    • Offspring: Litters typically range from 4-8 puppies.
    • Care: Pups weaned around 6-8 weeks; extended socialization period.

  • Sleep/Rest:

    • Cycle: 12-14 hours/day; short bursts throughout the day.
    • Active Period: Diurnal, but can be active at night depending on breed and training.

  • Lifespan: 10-15 years; varies by breed and size (some smaller breeds can live up to 20 years).

  • Growth:

    • Maturity: Full size reached by 1-2 years.
    • Size: Varies widely; 1-90 kg, with heights from 20 cm (small breeds) to 90 cm (large breeds).

  • Uses:

    • For Humans: Companionship, herding, guarding, hunting, therapy, and assistance.
    • Ecosystem: Can act as predators and scavengers, influencing local wildlife populations.

  • Special Traits:

    • Loyalty: Strong bond with humans; often trained for protective and supportive roles.
    • Intelligence: Capable of learning complex commands and performing various tasks.
    • Adaptability: Can live in diverse environments, from urban homes to rural farms.
    • Communication: Uses vocalizations, body language, and facial expressions for interaction.
    • Hunting and Tracking: Developed sense of smell; used in hunting, search and rescue, and detection work.
    • Social Behavior: Lives in packs or human families; forms strong social bonds.